In 1999 The WHO adopts a resolution calling for a delay in the destruction of smallpox in the two known storage sites in the USA and Russia. An editorial by Donna Shalala, Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in the Clinton administration, justifies the preservation of smallpox stocks, as does the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) with a report that states, “The most compelling need for long-term retention of live variola virus would be for the development of antiviral agents or novel vaccines to protect against a re-emergence of smallpox due to accidental or intentional release of variola virus.”