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Humans have known that lead is poisonous for at least 4,000 years. The earliest recorded account of lead poisoning was written by Nicander of Colophon in the second century BC.

History of lead poisoning
Ancient times: Lead was used in many ways, including in tools, utensils, and wine. Lead poisoning was common in workers of low social classes.
Roman Empire: Lead was used more extensively in the Mediterranean basin after the Romans conquered Britain. Some believe lead poisoning contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire due to it's use as a preservative in wine. Think of Caligula.
Industrialization: Lead poisoning became an epidemic during the industrial revolution. Big surprise to noone.
1970s: Concerns about low levels of lead exposure began.
1979: Herbert Needleman, a pediatrician and child psychiatrist, documented the dangers of even low levels of lead exposure. Symptoms of lead poisoning
Difficulty concentrating, Irritability, Learning disabilities, Behavioral disorders, Slowed development, Anemia, Seizure, Neurological problems, and Coma.

People have known that lead is poisonous in paint since the early 1900s. But, it wasn't until 1978 that lead-based paints were banned in the United States.

Firms to pay $1.1-billion in long-running lead paint lawsuit

A Northern California judge Monday ordered three companies to pay $1.1 billion to remove lead-based paint from inside California homes, concluding a 13-year legal case.

Santa Clara County Superior Court Judge James P. Kleinberg ruled that ConAgra, NL Industries and Sherwin-Williams created a “public nuisance” by selling lead-based paint for decades before it was banned in 1978, finding them liable for exposing children to a known poison.

The opinion set aside $605 million, or 55% of the judgment, to pay for lead removal in Los Angeles County. The money will go into a fund administered by the state’s Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Branch and will pay for inspections and lead abatement on the inside walls of tens of thousands of homes.


Billion-Dollar Lead Ruling on Appeal

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 2015
The decision rejected various arguments as unconvincing, including contentions that lead paint no longer presented a significant public health threat and that the defendants lacked knowledge about the hazards at the time of sale.

A number of similar lawsuits have failed in other states.

Procedural History
The lawsuit was brought 15 years ago by Alameda County, Los Angeles County, Monterey County, San Mateo County, Santa Clara County, Solano County, Ventura County and the cities of Oakland, San Diego and San Francisco.

Claims against co-defendants Atlantic Richfield Company and DuPont were dismissed at the trial level.

Motions for a new trial and to vacate the ruling were denied last March. The appeal to the verdict was filed in September 2014.


Paint makers reach $305 mln settlement in California, ending marathon lead poisoning lawsuit

OAKLAND — After a 19-year legal struggle, three former makers of lead paint have agreed to a $305 million settlement with California county and city governments to mitigate poisoning dangers still present in old housing.

Under the deal, disclosed in a filing in Santa Clara County Superior Court on Wednesday, defendants Sherwin-Williams , ConAgra Grocery Products Co. and NL Industries agreed to pay out the sum over six years, starting with a $75 million payment later this year.


LEAD PAINT LITIGATION PROVIDES $133 MILLION FOR LEAD PAINT ABATEMENT

Settlement Date: July 10, 2019 County Counsel finalized a global settlement of a lengthy public nuisance lawsuit by the County and nine other public entities against manufacturers of lead paint. The County received $133 million under the settlement to cleanup lead paint hazards at homes built before 1978. Under the settlement, defendants The Sherwin-Williams Company, ConAgra Grocery Products Company, and NL Industries, Inc., are required to pay a total of $305 million to the Counties of Santa Clara, Alameda, Los Angeles, Monterey, San Mateo, Solano, and Ventura; the City and County of San Francisco; and the Cities of Oakland and San Diego to address lead paint-related hazards, which are one of the most significant environmental hazards for children in California and around the country. The settlement came after years of litigation that included a trial verdict in favor of the County and other public entities, which was affirmed on appeal.


$305 million settlement reached for California cities & counties in historic lead pigment litigation

A $305 million settlement reached today in California resolves nearly 20 years of litigation that found three lead paint companies created a public nuisance by promoting the use of toxic lead pigment in homes. The settlement creates an abatement fund that will mitigate the harm caused to 10 plaintiff cities and counties by defendants Sherwin-Williams Company, NL Industries, Inc., and ConAgra Grocery Products Company. The 10 cities and counties on behalf of the People of the State of California are: Santa Clara County, Alameda County and the City of Oakland, the City and County of San Francisco, the City of San Diego, Los Angeles County, Monterey County, San Mateo County, Solano County and Ventura County. Motley Rice, with co-counsel, represents plaintiffs in the landmark case, People v. Conagra Grocery Products Company, Case No. S246102, and served as lead trial counsel for plaintiffs in the 2014 bench trial in which the defendant companies were found culpable for knowingly promoting hazardous products. The 10 cities and counties will divide the settlement funds based on the amount of homes with lead paint in their jurisdictions. Each jurisdiction will then create local clean-up programs designed to meet their specific needs.


Lead paint suppliers to pay $305 million to settle California lawsuit

SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — The nation’s major suppliers of lead paint have agreed to pay California’s largest cities and counties $305 million to settle a nearly 20-year-old lawsuit, attorneys said Wednesday.

The settlement comes after years of legal and legislative battling in California and other states. Lead paint suppliers tried to change California law last year with a ballot initiative that they later withdrew.

A judge initially required Sherwin-Williams Co., ConAgra Grocery Products Co. and NL Industries Inc. to pay $1.15 billion to clean up lead paint. An appeals court in 2017 affirmed that lead paint is a public nuisance but ruled that the companies only would have to pay for cleaning up homes built before 1951, leading to the settlement.


Early records
Hippocrates: Doctors have known that high doses of lead are poisonous since at least the time of Hippocrates.
Nicander: Nicander is credited with writing the earliest recorded account of lead poisoning in the second century B.C.E. Lead in paint
Early 1900s: Lead-containing paint was a main source of lead poisoning in children.
1940s: The lead industry began to reduce the amount of lead in interior paints.
1978: Lead-based paints were banned in the United States. Lead in other products
1878: Children were forbidden to work in white lead factories in the UK.
1883: The Factories (Prevention of Lead Poisoning) Act was approved in the UK.


2013 LA Times: Firms to pay $1.1-billion in long-running lead paint lawsuit
https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-lead-paint-20131216-story.html


2015 Painstquare: Billion-Dollar Lead Ruling on Appeal
https://www.paintsquare.com/news/billiondollar-lead-ruling-on-appeal


2019 Financial Post: Paint makers reach $305 mln settlement in California, ending marathon lead poisoning lawsuit
https://financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/paint-makers-reach-305-mln-settlement-in-california-ending-marathon-lead-poisoning-lawsuit-2


2019 Jun 10-court decision: LEAD PAINT LITIGATION PROVIDES $133 MILLION FOR LEAD PAINT ABATEMENT
https://counsel.lacounty.gov/lead-paint-litigation-provides-133-million-for-lead-paint-abatement/


2019 Motley Rice: $305 million settlement reached for California cities & counties in historic lead pigment litigation
https://www.motleyrice.com/news/lead-pigment-settlement-reached-ca-cities-counties


2019 PBS: Lead paint suppliers to pay $305 million to settle California lawsuit
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/lead-paint-suppliers-to-pay-305-million-to-settle-california-lawsuit