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COVID-19, PNEUMONIA & INFLAMMASOMES THE MELATONIN CONNECTION
Supplementing with Melatonin & Ascorbic Acid for COVID-19 A Simple Guide
It is now clear as crystal why authorities and medical experts, scientists around the world are deeply concerned over the spread of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus that uses the same deadly mechanisms as SARS-CoV to activate NLRP3 inflammasomes to initiate cytokine storms that can result in fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury (ARDS/ALI).
SARS-CoV-2 may also be 1,000 times more infectious and virulent than SAR-CoV due to the furin cleavage site [57], which basically allows this coronavirus to be activated anywhere in host tissues and organs. Activation of SARS-CoV-2 allows it bind effectively to ACE2, causing more damage and destruction in the vital cardiovascular system and other critical pathways involving angiotensin-converting enzyme 2.
One important aspect that has not been elucidated is the importance of ACE2 in the progression of ARDS. Melatonin, nitric oxide and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) are all inextricably intertwined and deeply involved with ACE2. Melatonin, nitric oxide and ascorbic acid can reduce COVID-19 virulence by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasomes to stop the perpetuation of cytokine storms. Their critical roles in biochemical reactions and biological pathways that involve ACE2 must be fully explored as part of our fight against COVID-19
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Dr. Neel is treating COVID patients with Melatonin and seeing results
Medina County Texas Doctor Richard Neel announced this week that he is using high doses of Melatonin and Vitamin C to treat two patients for COVID-19 (both confirmed COVID cases), and its working.
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COVID-19: Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment
This article summarizes the likely benefits of melatonin in the attenuation of COVID-19 based on its putative pathogenesis. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has become a pandemic with tens of thousands of infected patients. Based on clinical features, pathology, the pathogenesis of acute respiratory disorder induced by either highly homogenous coronaviruses or other pathogens, the evidence suggests that excessive inflammation, oxidation, and an exaggerated immune response very likely contribute to COVID-19 pathology. This leads to a cytokine storm and subsequent progression to acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and often death. Melatonin, a well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative molecule, is protective against ALI/ARDS caused by viral and other pathogens. Melatonin is effective in critical care patients by reducing vessel permeability, anxiety, sedation use, and improving sleeping quality, which might also be beneficial for better clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients. Notably, melatonin has a high safety profile. There is significant data showing that melatonin limits virus-related diseases and would also likely be beneficial in COVID-19 patients. Additional experiments and clinical studies are required to confirm this speculation.
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Melatonin Protects Human Red Blood Cells From Oxidative Hemolysis: New Insights Into the Radical-Scavenging Activity
Antioxidant activity of melatonin in human erythrocytes, exposed to oxidative stress by cumene hydroperoxide (cumOOH), was investigated. CumOOH at 300 microM progressively oxidized a 1% suspension of red blood cells (RBCs), leading to 100% hemolysis in 180 min. Malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls in the membrane showed a progressive increase, as a result of the oxidative damage to membrane lipids and proteins, reaching peak values after 30 and 40 min, respectively. The membrane antioxidant vitamin E and the cytosolic reduced glutathione (GSH) were totally depleted in 20 min. As a consequence of the irreversible oxidative damage to hemoglobin (Hb), hemin accumulated into the RBC membrane during 40 min. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis of membrane proteins showed a progressive loss of the cytoskeleton proteins and formation of low molecular weight bands and protein aggregates, with an increment of the intensity of the Hb band. Melatonin at 50 microM strongly enhanced the RBC resistance to oxidative lysis, leading to a 100% hemolysis in 330 min. Melatonin had no effect on the membrane lipid peroxidation, nor prevented the consumption of glutathione (GSH) or vitamin E. However, it completely inhibited the formation of membrane protein carbonyls for 20 min and hemin precipitation for 10 min. The electrophoretic pattern provided further evidence that melatonin delayed modifications to the membrane proteins and to Hb. In addition, RBCs incubated for 15 min with 300 microM cumOOH in the presence of 50 microM melatonin were less susceptible, when submitted to osmotic lysis, than cells incubated in its absence. Extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed a much more rapid consumption of melatonin during the first 10 min of incubation, then melatonin slowly decreased up to 30 min and remained stable thereafter. Equilibrium partition experiments showed that 15% of the melatonin in the incubation mixture was recovered in the RBC cytosol, and no melatonin was extracted from RBC membrane. However, 35% of the added melatonin was consumed during RBC oxidation. Hydroxyl radical trapping agents, such as dimethylsulfoxide or mannitol, added into the assay in a 1,000 times molar excess, did not vary melatonin consumption, suggesting that hydroxyl radicals were not involved in the indole consumption. Our results indicate that melatonin is actively taken up into erythrocytes under oxidative stress, and is consumed in the defence of the cell, delaying Hb denaturation and release of hemin. RBCs are highly exposed to oxygen and can be a site for radical formation, under pathological conditions, which results in their destruction. A protective role of melatonin should be explored in hemolytic diseases.
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Efficacy of Melatonin in the Prophylaxis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Among Healthcare Workers. (MeCOVID)
There is an urgent need to evaluate interventions that can prevent the infection with SARS-CoV 2 of healthcare workers at risk. Melatonin is an inexpensive and safe product with protective effect in both bacterial and viral infections likely due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. This randomized controlled trial seeks to evaluate is efficacy as a prophylaxis in healthcare workers exposed to the virus in their clinical practice.
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Melatonin Could Possibly Play An Immune Modulating Role Against COVID-19
A recent review suggests that melatonin may play a role in combating COVID-19 as an adjuvant therapy; excessive inflammation, oxidation, and exaggerated immune responses during infection contributes to the cytokine storm that progresses into acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome and the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating effects of melatonin have been shown to be protective against viral induced ALI and ARDS.
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Coronavirus Cure: High-Dose Melatonin Said To Shield Body Organs From Lethal Effects Of COVID-19
High-dose melatonin is being considered as a potential treatment for COVID-19. While the hormone does not kill the novel coronavirus, it is said to neutralize its damaging effects on the body.
The Manila Doctors Hospital in the Philippines is the first in the world to try high-dose melatonin for high-risk COVID-19 patients. According to reports, several of the patients who were given the hormone already had adult respiratory distress syndrome prior to taking melatonin, but they all survived.
High-dose melatonin and another drug, tocilizumab, reportedly help protect all body organs, especially the lungs, from the lethal effects of the novel coronavirus. Aside from the two, two other drugs, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, are also said to be game changers in the fight against COVID-19. These four drugs are not viricidal so they cannot kill the coronavirus, but they help the organs of the body withstand the virus.
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