"The discovery that polio virus and other viruses could be grown in primate cell cultures was a key breakthrough in developing polio vaccines and won a Nobel prize in 1954 for researchers Frederick C. Robbins, Thomas H. Weller and John F. Enders, who used human tissues for their studies.

But it was later discovered that monkey kidneys used in vaccine production often contained previously unknown monkey viruses, some of which could infect people -- and in fact had done so. Researchers identified scores of simian viruses (SVs) in the kidneys of monkeys, commonly used to culture polio vaccine.

After SV40 was discovered, vaccine makers switched from Indian rhesus monkeys to African green monkeys. But in the early 1980s, researchers discovered that many such monkeys were infected with a retrovirus related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the one that caused AIDS in humans. This retrovirus cousin of HIV, called simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), could have been present in any vaccine made from the tissues of these monkeys before 1985, the year when sophisticated testing was instituted."
DID A POLIO VACCINE EXPERIMENT UNLEASH AIDS IN AFRICA?
http://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1992/04/05/did-a-polio-vaccine-experiment-unleash-aids-in-africa/0fb7cac2-0b3a-4ec3-8a78-5f032b639bf9/

Note: this is a highly controversial topic and the idea is false only if you believe in Cartierism: if we believe the one European scientist whose guilt is in doubt, the yes, he's innocent. If however we believe the local natives who disagree, then this theory is of significant scientific merit. Neither side has evidence that can prove their argument.